Nano Materials- Based Sensors For Throat Viral Detection

M. PHARM

Throat viral infections, including those caused by respiratory viruses like influenza and SARS- CoV-2, pose significant diagnostic challenges due to their rapid transmission and symptom overlap. Traditional diagnostic methods such as PCR and ELISA, though accurate, are limited by time, infrastructure, and cost. Nanomaterials-based sensors offer a promising alternative due to their high sensitivity, specificity, portability, and rapid detection capabilities. Various nanomaterials like graphene, gold nanoparticles, and quantum dots have been integrated into electrochemical, optical, and FET-based sensor platforms for real-time detection of viral RNA, proteins, or antigens from throat swabs or saliva. This review explores the working principles, advantages, and limitations of nanomaterials-based sensors tailored for throat viral detection. Additionally, it highlights current research trends, novel electrode materials, and the future potential of these nano-enabled biosensing platforms in the context of point-of-care diagnostics and global healthcare needs

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