NANOTECHNOLOGY IN PARENTERAL DRUG DELIVERY: OPPORTUNITIES AND FUTURE PERSPECTIVES REVIEW

PHARMACY

The paper presents a comprehensive review of the advancements in parenteral drug delivery systems, emphasizing the role of nanotechnology in enhancing drug efficacy and targeting. Parenteral administration remains crucial for delivering therapeutics with narrow therapeutic indices and poor bioavailability, particularly in unconscious patients. The integration of nanotechnology has led to innovative drug delivery platforms, including liposomes, polymeric nanoparticles, and dendrimers, which enhance the solubility, stability, and bioavailability of drugs, while minimizing side effects through targeted delivery mechanisms. The paper discusses the challenges associated with traditional parenteral routes, such as patient discomfort and physiological barriers, including the reticuloendothelial system and blood-brain barrier. Moreover, it highlights the mechanisms of passive and active targeting, controlled drug release strategies, and the potential for combination therapies. The review also addresses safety and toxicological concerns related to nanoparticle immunogenicity, biodistribution, and long-term effects. Finally, it outlines future perspectives in personalized medicine, smart nanocarriers, and the integration of emerging technologies in the development of effective nanomedicines for various disease conditions, particularly in cancer and infectious diseases. Overall, the study underscores nanotechnology's transformative impact on parenteral drug delivery, paving the way for enhanced therapeutic outcomes and improved patient compliance.

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