ADVANCEMENTS IN TUBERCULOSIS PREVENTION AND TREATMENT: A COMPREHENSIVE REVIEW

Department of pharmacology

Tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease usually caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (MTB) bacteria. Tuberculosis mostly affects the lungs, but it can also affect other body parts. Tuberculosis is spread from one person to another one by the air when people who suffering from active TB in their lungs speak, sneeze, cough, or spit. People who having latent TB do not spread the disease person to person. Chances of active infection occurs more in people who having HIV/AIDS and in those who smoke. Active TB can be diagnosed by chest X-rays, as well as culture of body fluids and microscopic examination. Diagnosis of latent TB can be done by using the tuberculin skin test (TST) or blood tests. Prevention of TB includes early detection, screening those at high risk, treatment of critical cases, and vaccination of infected people with the bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccine. Treatment for TB include the uses of multiple antibiotics therapy over a long period of time. This review article aims to understand the TB’s epidemiology causes, signs and symptoms, risk factors, pathogenesis, diagnosis, prevention, treatment.

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