Indications of Cesarean Sections at Cheikh Zayed Hospital in Nouakchott: A Study of 100 Cases

medecine

Background: Cesarean section (CS) is a common obstetric procedure that plays a key role in reducing maternal and perinatal morbidity and mortality when properly indicated. However, inappropriate indications can increase risks for both mother and child. Objective: To analyze the indications of cesarean sections and evaluate maternal and fetal outcomes at Cheikh Zayed Hospital in Nouakchott. Methods: A prospective, observational study was conducted from July 10, 2023, to April 10, 2024, including all women who delivered by CS at the obstetrics and gynecology department. Sociodemographic characteristics, obstetric history, clinical features, indications, operative techniques, and maternal-fetal outcomes were analyzed. Results: Among 1680 deliveries, 100 were by CS, representing a rate of 5.95%. The mean maternal age was 29.3 years (range: 17–41). Primiparous women represented 45%, multiparous 35%, and pauciparous 20%. The main indications were dystocia (30%), uterine scar (25%), acute fetal distress (12%), and preeclampsia (10%). Most procedures were performed under regional anesthesia (94%). Maternal morbidity was low (8%), dominated by intraoperative hemorrhage (7%). No maternal deaths were recorded. Fetal mortality was 8%, mainly due to severe fetal distress. Neonatal morbidity was observed in 12%, with neonatal respiratory distress syndrome as the leading cause (65.4%). Conclusion: The cesarean section rate at Cheikh Zayed Hospital remains below WHO recommendations. Dystocia and uterine scar are the main indications. Although maternal prognosis is generally favorable, perinatal mortality remains significant. Strengthening prenatal care and optimizing decision-making for CS could improve outcomes. Keywords: Cesarean section, indications, maternal morbidity, fetal outcome, Nouakchott.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.