Cybersecurity Standardization and Protocols in Power Systems: A Comprehensive Survey and Case Study for Resilient Electric Vehicles Charging Infrastructure

Electrical Engineering

The growing demand for cleaner energy systems and the rising integration of electric vehicles (EVs) into modern power networks have intensified the need to secure smart grid infrastructure. While digitization enhances flexibility and control, it also introduces cybersecurity vulnerabilities due to expanded attack surfaces and system interconnectivity. This paper presents a comprehensive investigation into the cybersecurity framework of EV-integrated smart grids by combining theoretical analysis with practical modeling. A structured review of key standards such as IEC 61850, ISO 15118, and SAE J2847 is conducted, identifying their effectiveness and limitations in addressing threats like denial-of-service (DoS), false data injection (FDI), and man-in-the-middle (MITM) attacks. In the second phase of the study, an Artificial Neural Network (ANN)-based fault detection model is developed using a customized MATLAB/Simulink environment. The model is trained to classify multiple electrical fault types—including LG, LL, LLG, and LLL—based on real-time system parameters such as voltage, current, and rotor angle. The simulation results demonstrate high accuracy and rapid response, validating the efficiency of the proposed approach. By merging cybersecurity evaluation with intelligent fault detection, this study offers practical insights for securing EV charging infrastructure and contributes to the development of resilient, intelligent, and future-ready power systems.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.