Urinary Tract Infections Among Expectant Mothers: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

Health Sciences

Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are among the most common bacterial infections affecting pregnant women, posing significant risks to maternal and fatal health. This systematic review and meta-analysis aim to assess the global prevalence, risk factors, microbial ethology, and clinical outcomes associated with UTIs during pregnancy. Methods: A comprehensive literature search was conducted across databases including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase for studies published between 2000 and 2024. Eligible studies included observational and cross-sectional studies reporting UTI prevalence among pregnant women. Data were extracted and pooled using random-effects meta-analysis. Heterogeneity was assessed using the I² statistic. Results: The pooled prevalence of UTIs in pregnant women was estimated at 13.2% (95% CI: 10.8%–15.9%), with higher rates observed in low- and middle-income countries. Escherichia coli was the predominant pathogen (65.4%), followed by Klebsiella species (12.8%). Significant risk factors included multiparity, low socioeconomic status, history of UTIs, and poor hygiene. UTIs were associated with increased risk of preterm labour, low birth weight, and pyelonephritis. Conclusion: UTIs remain a prevalent and under-recognized health issue among expectant mothers globally, particularly in resource-limited settings. Routine screening, patient education, and standardized management protocols are essential for early detection and prevention of adverse outcomes.

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