Critical Challenges and Control Strategies for BLDC Motors in Electric Vehicles: A Comprehensive Review

Electrical Engineering

The rapid advancement of electric vehicles (EVs) has necessitated the development of efficient and reliable motor technologies, with Brushless Direct Current (BLDC) motors emerging as a leading choice due to their high efficiency, compact size, and robust performance. However, the widespread adoption of BLDC motors in EVs presents several critical challenges, including torque ripple, electromagnetic interference, thermal management, and precise control requirements. This paper provides a comprehensive review of these challenges, focusing on their impact on motor performance and vehicle drivability. The review critically examines the state-of-the-art control strategies designed to address these challenges, including Field-Oriented Control (FOC), Direct Torque Control (DTC), and advanced sensorless techniques. Additionally, the paper explores emerging trends in control algorithms, such as model predictive control and machine learning-based methods, which offer promising solutions for enhancing the performance and reliability of BLDC motors in EV applications. By synthesizing current research and identifying gaps in existing knowledge, this review aims to provide a valuable resource for researchers and engineers working towards optimizing BLDC motor technology for the next generation of electric vehicles.

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