Review on novel routes of insulin for Diabetes Treatment

B.Pharmacy

Diabetes mellitus is the chronic pathogenic condition which is primarily due to inadequate insulin secretion and is responsible for major healthcare problems worldwide cost billions of dollars annually. Diabetes complications include both microvascular and macrovascular disease, both of which are affected by optimal diabetes control Novel routes of insulin administration are an area of interest in the diabetes field, given that insulin injection therapy is burdensome for many patients. This review will discuss pulmonary delivery of insulin via inhalation. Subcutaneous insulin has been used to treat diabetes since the 1920 however, despite a number of different formulations, intensive insulin therapy with multiple daily injections has not gained widespread clinical acceptance. However, a growing body of evidence suggests that inhaled insulin is an effective, well-tolerated, noninvasive alternative to subcutaneous regular insulin. Critically, inhaled insulin shows a more physiological insulin profile than that seen with conventional insulin. Further studies are needed to confirm long-term efficacy and pulmonary safety, to compare the different approaches, and to characterize better their relative places in practice. As a result of the recognition of the importance of tighter control of glycaemia and the growing number of patients with type 2 diabetes who receive insulin, inhaled insulin could become an increasingly integral part of managing diabetes.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.