A comprehensive review on microbial biosensors

biotechnology

Biosensors are one of the most important and valuable inventions of the past few decades. These have helped in overcoming the shortcomings of the conventional methods of analyzing which are very time-consuming and also costly. The bioreceptor and the transducer together form the biosensor. The bioreceptor is the biological sensing component that detects the analyte and then the transducer is the physicochemical detector that produces signals by detecting any activity in the bioreceptor. There are different types of biosensors depending on the types of bio receptors used like enzyme biosensors, microbial biosensors, and affinity biosensors. Based on the kind of transducer used, there are electrochemical, physical, and optical biosensors. In microbial biosensors, micro-organisms are integrated with different types of transducers. These are cost-effective, sensitive, and reliable as compared to other types. Microbial biosensors are successfully used as a screening aid in environmental monitoring, clinical and research sectors, food, and agriculture industries. In recent years due to the concern for the environment and also to decrease the labor intensity, there is a growing application of microbial biosensors in every possible way. This paper reviews the design, applications in various industries, current advances, and the future perspective of microbial biosensors.

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