The importance of using organic fertilizers from agricultural waste in vanilla cultivation (Vanilla planifolia): the case of the Mandritsara District

BIOTCHNOLOGIE

Vanilla from Madagascar is not only one of the island's main cash crops, but it is also a source of national pride. However, the vanilla sector is currently facing a precarious situation due to the lack of quality on global markets. Therefore, the objective of this study is to improve vanilla cultivation techniques using organic fertilizers and to determine their quality. The methodology we followed focused on information gathering and documentation, followed by laboratory work related to our topic. Consequently, the results of this study are highly consistent with the existing literature, which strengthens their scientific validity. However, limitations exist. Firstly, the experimentation period was short compared to the complete cycle of the vanilla orchid—a plant that can produce for several years. A multi-year study would allow us to determine whether the impact of compost is stable or transient. Secondly, vanillin levels were not quantified by chromatography. In a future study, it would be essential to measure total vanillin, precursors, and phenolic compounds to fully confirm hypothesis H3. Finally, only one type of compost was tested. It would be scientifically relevant to compare several formulations, different C/N ratios, various organic sources, and different composting methods to determine the most effective model for Malagasy vanilla cultivation. In summary, this study demonstrates that compost application improves soil fertility, stimulates vegetative growth, strengthens floral induction, and increases pod quality, confirming all initial hypotheses. Compost thus appears as a promising agroecological solution for a sustainable vanilla sector, less dependent on chemical inputs and more resilient to climatic and economic constraints.

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