Advances and Challenges in IoT-Enabled Health Monitoring for Smart Homes: A Comprehensive Review

Computer Engineering

The integration of Internet of Things (IoT) technology with smart home systems is revolutionizing healthcare delivery by enabling continuous, non-invasive health monitoring in residential environments. This comprehensive review synthesizes recent advances, key applications, and persistent challenges in IoT-enabled health monitoring systems. We examine wearable body area networks (WBANs), communication protocols, sensor architectures, machine learning integration, and smart home control strategies. Critical applications include chronic disease management, fall detection, aging-in-place support, and emergency response. Machine learning techniques enhance anomaly detection and predictive analytics. However, significant challenges remain, including device interoperability, cybersecurity vulnerabilities, privacy concerns, sensor reliability, and user adoption barriers. This review identifies research gaps, proposes design principles, and discusses emerging technologies. Strategic recommendations address standardization initiatives, clinical validation, regulatory clarity, and equity considerations. The paper demonstrates that IoT-enabled smart homes represent a viable solution for addressing healthcare system strain while enhancing patient autonomy.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.