CRITICAL DISCOURSE ANALYSIS OF THE HADITH ON THE PROHIBITION OF KHALWAT IN SAHIH MUSLIM

Linguistics

This study aims to reinterpret the moral message and protective values contained in the hadith concerning the prohibition of seclusion between non-mahram men and women amid the increasingly complex dynamics of modern society. Cultural shifts, technological advancement, and information openness have transformed patterns of social interaction, often blurring ethical boundaries. Consequently, some people interpret religious texts, including the hadith on seclusion, either too literally or too freely. Therefore, a critical and comprehensive approach is needed so that the hadith may be understood not only as a normative prohibition but also as a moral and ideological discourse. This research applies Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA), which highlights the interrelation between language, social cognition, and social context. Using a qualitative approach and library research method, the study analyses fifteen hadiths from Sahih Muslim, translated into Indonesian. Data were collected through reading and note-taking, and analysed descriptively through identifying textual structures, social meanings, and contemporary relevance. The findings reveal that, in the Textual Analysis dimension, the hadiths consistently convey moral values through prohibitions, warnings, and recommendations. Linguistic features such as “do not” and “not lawful” indicate strong moral intent. The Social Cognition dimension shows that understanding of the hadith is shaped collectively by experience, knowledge, and culture. In the Social Context dimension, the moral message remains relevant today, functioning as guidance for ethical interaction and protection of human dignity. Overall, the hadith on seclusion prohibition represents a living moral discourse that integrates ethical, social, and ideological dimensions within Islamic society.

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