SELF-EMPLOYED WORKERS IN MADAGASCAR : HISTORICAL DYNAMICS, SOCIAL ASPECTS, AND SOCIAL PROTECTION CHALLENGES

SOCIAL SCIENCE

The situation of self-employed workers in Madagascar demands thorough scientific examination, given the intricate mix of historical, economic, and contemporary social factors. With almost 90% of the labor force operating informally, this segment is both an economic cornerstone and a critical target for regulation, social security, and enhanced welfare. This investigation explores the obstacles and possibilities for incorporating these workers into a resilient social protection framework. The methodology integrates historical and policy review, direct field observations, and an evaluation of current reforms, including pilot projects and earnings-based payment models. Results show continued exclusion from formal safety nets, low consciousness of entitlements, and major systemic hurdles. However, pilot efforts and progressive changes indicate a viable path toward a more inclusive system that tackles fundamental risks like healthcare, old age, and workplace injuries, while focusing on at-risk groups such as street vendors, artisans, farmers, and day laborers. The analysis underscores that participatory methods, community dialogue, and flexible systems are indispensable for fostering trust and guaranteeing lasting viability.

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