Blockchain-Driven Security and Privacy Mechanisms in IoT: A Systematic Review

Computer Science and Engineering

The rapid advancement in the field of Internet of Things (IoT) has brought to light notable threats to data security and user privacy due to the growing network of internet-enabled devices and the exchange of confidential user data. Conventional security approaches often underperform in addressing these issues effectively, emphasizing the need of advanced solutions to maintain data integrity, authentication, and confidentiality. Blockchain technology is gearing attention for its ability to provide a robust solution due to its decentralized architecture, cryptographic security, and immutability. This review examines how blockchain can be integrated with IoT security by analyzing existing frameworks, methodologies, and implementations. By assessing the advantages and limitations of blockchain-based security models, the study provides a comprehensive understanding of how this technology enhances privacy, mitigates cyber threats, and fosters trust among IoT devices. The review categorizes various blockchain-driven security solutions for IoT, with a focus on consensus mechanisms, smart contracts, and access control models. Key findings suggest that while blockchain significantly strengthens IoT security, constraints encompassing scalability, increased computational burden, and energy consumption remain key obstacles. Additionally, the study highlights emerging trends, including lightweight blockchain protocols and hybrid security models, designed to address these issues. Moreover, the review identifies research gaps and suggests future directions for optimizing blockchain’s role in IoT security. By offering critical viewpoint on the rapidly changing IoT landscape protection; this article serves as a useful reference for researchers and industry experts aiming to develop privacy-aware and secure IoT infrastructure

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