A COMPREHENSIVE GUIDE TO ANTIMICROBIAL RESISTANCE AND ITS MECHANISM

Biological and medical sciences

Antimicrobial resistance has been ranked as one of the top 10 threats to global public health by the World Health Organization (WHO). Misuse and overuse of antimicrobials are the two primary factors that contribute to the development of bacteria that are resistant to treatment with antibiotics. Inappropriate use of antibiotic therapy could result in pharmaceutical flood that ultimately destroys life itself. More and more frequently infections are being caused by microbes that previously responded well to the treatment of diseases with antimicrobial medications. Antimicrobial resistance gets worse when antibiotics are used misleadingly and when individuals fail to take precautions to prevent and control infections. There are at least 2.8 million cases of illnesses that are resistant to antibiotics every year, as stated by the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, and as a direct result, more than 35,000 individuals lose their lives. In order to combat antimicrobial resistance at the local national and international levels coordinated initiatives and diverse collaborations are needed. Antibiotics must not be promoted unethically and methods must be put in place to prevent their excessive or inappropriate use. This review identifies different types of antimicrobial resistance and explores mechanistic insights and ways to overcome it.

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