Efficiency of PIH as an iron chelator on the alteration of haematological aspects in rats suffering from iron overload

Physiology

Iron is a vital element that participates in many metabolic activities of the cell. However, excess iron is a major reason for iron-induced oxidative stress and several human diseases. Pyridoxal isonicotinoyl hydrazone (PIH) is well-known antioxidants, and could be efficient treatment agents. Therefore, the current study was undertaken to evaluate the Efficiency of PIH as an iron chelator on the alteration of haematological aspects in rats suffering from iron overload (IOL). 85 adult male albino rats were employed in the current study. To induce IOL, rats were given 50 mg iron – sorbitol – citric acid complex/100 g BW subcutaneously on four successive days. PIH were prepared prior to the injection 50 mg PIH/kg BW (low dose) and 100 mg PIH/Kg BW (high dose). The current work included two experiments; the first one was carried out to follow up the changes that could occur in the haematological parameters as a result of IOL. In the second experiment, five comparisons were made between normal control rats, positive control rats (animal which treated with both low dose and high dose) for 4, 8 and 12 weeks and iron overload rats (groups treated with the same previous doses of PIH for the same intervals time). At the end of the 1st and the 2nd experiment (4, 8 and 12 weeks) post iron overload induction. Rats were overnight fasted, anaesthetized under diethyl ether and venous blood of all the groups was collected from the venous plexus of the eye by standard venipuncture with glass capillary tubes where a part of the blood was collected in dry clean tubes containing ethylene diethyl tetra acetic acid (EDTA) for the determination of haemoglobin. Other blood samples were collected in dry clean test tube and left to clot. Sera were separated and divided into small aliquots to avoid the effects of repeated thawing and freezing. All sera were stored at -20°C until analysis. Blood hemoglobin, serum iron profile [iron, total iron binding capacity (TIBC), unsaturated iron binding capacity (UIBC), transferrin (Tf) and unsaturated transferrin %] and ferritin were estimated. The obtained results discovered that IOL caused in significant rise in blood hemoglobin, serum iron, TIBC, UIBC, Tf, and ferritin levels. Meanwhile, it decreased serum unsaturated transferrin %, when compared with the control rats. PIH administration to IOL-rats resulted in significant decrease in blood hemoglobin, serum iron, TIBC, UIBC, Tf and ferritin levels and increased serum unsaturated transferrin %, compared with the IOL-rats. This study provides in vivo evidence that PIH administration can increase the antioxidant protection systems against IOL-induced haematological oxidative stress in rats. This effect may be due to both the antioxidant and metal chelation activities.

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