REVIEW STUDY ON THE EARTHQUAKE RESISTANT CONSTRUCTION TECHNIQUES

Civil Engineering

There are many natural phenomena and one of them is earthquake which produces waves on surface which ultimately causes the vibration of the ground and structures standing on it. These vibrations results in cracks, fissures and settlements in the ground which sometimes proves violent and damages of structures at a very large scale, though it itself is not a disaster. So the protection of buildings due to earthquake is a challenge. There are various techniques used to prevent buildings and other civil engineering structures from the effect of earthquake and from them base isolation is widely adopted all over the world. In this horizontal flexible isolation devices are placed at the base of the structure to physically decouple it from the ground to shift the natural period of the structure to the long period range. The base isolation decreases the acceleration and produces drift in structure makes it one of the effective strategies. There are many types used as isolated devices but three are major that is elastomeric bearings (rubber), rollers and ball bearings, slider bearing and includes four types of dampers that is Steel, oil, lead and friction dampers with disc springs are important and essential component of base isolation system. This report summarizes the base isolation techniques, reviews of the current practices. Our aim is also to reduce cost and weight of base-isolation. Now-a-days material of base isolation is very costly and difficult to implement. The design of structures depends on ductility, deformation capacity, strength and amount of deflection.

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