A Survey on LEACH Protocol and its Successors

Networking

Wireless sensor network (WSN) is playing an important role in the information industry in the 21st century and is widely applied in military, medical care, environmental monitoring, smart home applications, and in many other fields also. WSN is a distributed system consisting of many sensor nodes and a sink node that collects data from the sensor nodes. Sensor nodes of a WSN have limited power and energy constraint so it is mandatory to efficiently use these resources. Therefore, sensor nodes have emerged as a research hotspot. The most important power consuming component in WSN is the routing protocol as it require power when receiving and transmitting the data of other nodes. This drawback revealed the requirement of tailored routing protocol which reduces the power usage to prolong the lifetime of sensor nodes. A cluster-based network structure can balance the energy consumption of network nodes. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) protocol is one of the first clustering protocols for WSNs and is one of the most famous clustering techniques. So by using this protocol the major issue of power consumption can be solved, this is the basic protocol and research is in progress to improve its capability and improve the energy efficiency of the WSNs.

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