INTEGRATED TOXICOLOGICAL EVALUATION OF TITANIUM DIOXIDE NANOPARTICLES IN LABEO ROHITA: HEMATOLOGICAL AND HISTOLOGICAL INSIGHTS

Toxicology

In the present investigation, titanium dioxide nanoparticles (TiO₂ NPs) were synthesized using suitable laboratory methods to study their toxicological impact. To understand their possible environmental effects, the freshwater fish Labeo rohita was exposed to different environmentally relevant concentrations of these nanoparticles under controlled laboratory conditions. The toxic effects were mainly evaluated through histopathological examination of important organs such as the gills and liver. Microscopic observations revealed noticeable structural changes and tissue damage in the treated fish when compared with the control group. These changes indicated that exposure to TiO₂ nanoparticles can adversely affect normal cellular structure and function. Hematological parameters were also analyzed to support the histological findings. Significant variations were recorded in blood parameters including red blood cells (RBC), white blood cells (WBC), hemoglobin content, and other related indices. The degree of alteration increased with increasing concentrations of nanoparticles, suggesting a clear dose-dependent response. In addition to cellular changes, exposed fish showed mild behavioral differences compared with untreated fish. Overall, the findings indicate that titanium dioxide nanoparticles may cause physiological and tissue-level disturbances in aquatic organisms. Therefore, continuous monitoring and careful evaluation of nanoparticle contamination in aquatic environments are important for protecting aquatic life and maintaining ecosystem balance.

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