POLLINATORS DIVERSITY AND THIER IMPACT IN ENHANCEMENT OF YEILD IN VARIOUS CROPS

Entomology

Vector transmission is a specific event in the virus life cycle. Virus encoded determinants specifically interact with the vector (receptors), thereby facilitating virus transmission and various plant viruses utilize different, but specific vectors to facilitate their spread. For example, diverse organisms (fungi, nematodes and arthropods) are recognized as vectors for various plant viruses. About 94% of the animals known to transmit plant viruses are arthropods, and 6% are nematodes. Ninety nine per cent (99%) of the arthropod vectors are insects and 55% of these are aphids. Virus diseases cause serious losses in yield and quality of cultivated plants worldwide. These losses and the resulting financial damage can be limited by controlling epidemics using measures that minimize virus infection sources or suppress virus spread by an integrated approach. This chapter covers all measure for mitigation of insect vector control in detail.

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