Coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).

Medical (Cardiology)

Background Coronary heart disease (CHD) is the major cause of mortality and morbidity in patients with type 2 diabetes. But the utility of screening patients with type 2 diabetes for asymptomatic CAD is controversial. Objective To determine coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted at Saidu Group of Teaching Hospital, Swat, Pakistan, which was performed between October 2024 to September 2025, The total number of patients in our study were 100. The number of female patients in our study were 43 and males were 57. For all patients, we did diagnostic tests before for all patients who have coronary heart disease and type 2 diabetes mellitus. Our main focus was coronary heart disease in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. We took both patients who have coronary heart disease and those who have no coronary heart disease. We excluded pregnant women in our study. Data was tabulated and analyzed by SPSS version 27. Result In a current study total 100 patients were enrolled. The analysis of continuous variables indicates that the average age of participants is 68.5 years, with a notable range spanning from 47 to 81 years. The average BMI is 30 kg/m², reflecting a prevalence of obesity within the cohort. Fasting Plasma Glucose and HbA1c: Participants have an average fasting plasma glucose level of 149 mg/dl and an HbA1c of 8.0%, suggesting suboptimal glycemic control typical in individuals with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Categorical Variables: Among the categorical health indicators, coronary heart disease is present in 65% of participants, while complications such as heart failure and atherosclerosis also show significant prevalence (28% and 50%, respectively), highlighting the increased cardiovascular risk associated with type 2 diabetes.The grouped bar chart displays the mean values of BMI, Fasting Plasma Glucose, and HbA1c for patients with and without coronary heart disease, facilitating a visual comparison. CHD present mean ± SD of BMI were 31 (±2.5) and were not present in 28 (±2). P-value were 0.01. CHD were present mean ± SD of fasting plasma were 160 (±25) and were not present in 130 (±15). P-value were <0.01. In a current study, complications of Myocardial infarction, CHD were present in 26 patients and were absent in 4 patients. The p-value were 0.004. CHD present in Arrhythmias were 22 and were absent in 8 patients and its P-value were 0.05. The complication of stroke CHD were present in 10 patients and were absent in 0 patients and its P-value were 0.01. In our study P-Value were less than (< 0.05). Conclusion We concluded in our study that cardiovascular risk factors clustering with hyperinsulinemia increase the risk of coronary heart disease in patients with Type II diabetes. Complications of myocardial infarction are more found in patients who have coronary heart disease. Male patients were more in our study as compared to females.

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.