A Smart Hydroponics farming system using exact inference in bayesian network

electronics and communication engineering

Smart agriculture plays a vital role in enhancing crop productivity, optimizing water usage, and reducing manual intervention in farming activities. This work presents an IoT-enabled Smart Farm Monitoring and Control System using the ESP8266 microcontroller, ADS1115 high-precision ADC, and multiple environmental sensors. The system continuously measures temperature, humidity, soil moisture, soil TDS level, light intensity, and water level using a combination of DHT22, soil probes, TDS sensors, LDR modules, and float switches. A relay-based automation mechanism controls the pump, fan, and LED lighting based on real-time sensor thresholds, while a buzzer provides high-temperature alerts. Sensor data is processed through a hysteresis-based control algorithm to ensure stable irrigation and lighting decisions. The processed data is uploaded to the Thing Speak cloud platform at timed intervals using REST API calls, enabling remote visualization and analysis. Experimental results show reliable sensor performance, stable ADC readings, and accurate automated actuation of relays under varying environmental conditions. The proposed system demonstrates a low-cost, easily deployable, and scalable model suitable for precision agriculture, offering farmers an efficient tool for real-time monitoring and automated crop care.

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