RAINWATER HARVESTING AND ITS ROLE IN RURAL WATER SECURITY: A CASE STUDY OF MERTA TOWN AND SURROUNDING VILLAGES

Zoology

Water scarcity is one of the major challenges in arid and semi-arid regions of Rajasthan, where erratic rainfall and overexploitation of groundwater have led to a severe decline in water availability. This study examines the role of rainwater harvesting (RWH) in enhancing rural water security in Merta town and its surrounding villages (Nagaur District, Rajasthan). Using both primary and secondary data, field surveys, and water sample analysis, the study evaluates existing RWH structures, community participation, and their socio-economic and environmental impacts. A total of 80 households and 10 institutional RWH systems were surveyed. The findings indicate that households equipped with RWH systems experienced up to 35% improvement in annual water availability, with reduced dependence on fluoride-contaminated groundwater. Statistical analysis showed a strong positive correlation (r = 0.74) between adoption of RWH and perceived water security. The study concludes that RWH plays a critical role in sustainable rural water management and recommends scaling up decentralized water harvesting systems with active community participation.

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