Literature Review on Fibre Bragg Grating Sensors: Principles, Fabrication Techniques, Applications, and Future Prospects

Electronics and Communication Engineering

Abstract - Fiber Bragg Grating (FBG) sensors are now a revolutionary technology in the optical sensing area, recognized for their high sensitivity, immunity to electromagnetic interference, and reliability of operation in demanding environments. The present review paper provides an in-depth analysis of FBG sensors, including their fundamental operating principles, fabrication techniques, types, extensive applications, challenges as of now, and future prospects. It places particular focus on the use of FBG sensors in area such as structural health monitoring, aerospace, medical diagnostics, and geotechnical engineering. Different fabrication techniques like UV exposure, point-by-point inscription, and femtosecond laser writing are detailed. Applications span structural health, machinery monitoring, environmental, and biomedical sensing with real-world examples. Limitations are high expense, durability issues, multiplexing capacity, and environmental sensitivity. Ongoing advancements in integrated photonics and intelligent materials are addressing these challenges. Data processing based on artificial intelligence is also improving the performance and reliability of sensors. These advancements are facilitating next-generation smart sensing technologies. This article is a useful resource of information for technologists, engineers, and scientists involved in the development of FBG sensor technologies.

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