EVALUATION OF THE WATER QUALITY PRODUCED BY SOLAR DISTILLERS: SYSTEMATIC REVIEW AND POTENTIAL APPLICATION IN SOUTHERN MADAGASCAR

Water Quality

This article presents a systematic review of existing literature on the evaluation of water quality produced by solar distillers, with a particular focus on their potential application in southern Madagascar. The aim is to improve access to safe drinking water for local populations. The adopted methodology strictly follows the PRISMA (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses) guidelines. To this end, 142 recent scientific articles published in English and French between 2014 and 2024 were reviewed to identify relevant knowledge and extract useful data. A total of 29 studies were selected, including 24 international scientific articles focusing on the evaluation of water quality before and after solar distillation, as well as 5 studies specific to the Malagasy context. The combined analysis of these studies revealed that various types of non-potable water, including those heavily contaminated, can be effectively purified through solar distillation. High concentrations of physical, chemical, and microbiological contaminants are significantly reduced, making the water compliant with drinking water standards. Finally, a comparison of the results obtained with the water characteristics of southern Madagascar allowed for an assessment of the feasibility and efficiency of solar distillers in this specific context.

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