A PERSPECTIVE REVIEW ON THE INFLUENCE OF NANOPARTICLES AS TOPICAL FORMULATION IN SKIN ALLERGY.

Nanotechnology

Food allergies are becoming increasingly prevalent, leading to potentially fatal reactions. Allergic Rhinitis is a significant atopic disorder affecting all age groups, compromising quality of life. Treatment options include conventional methods, advanced technologies like immunotherapy, surgical methods, and nanoparticles. Current allergy immunotherapy has limitations due to potential anaphylaxis and local side effects. The nanoparticle approach is a promising and safe option. Nanoparticle-based therapies can address food allergy by disrupting disease-driving immune mechanisms and promoting sustained tolerogenic immune pathways. These therapies involve regulatory T cells, TH1 responses, and suppression of allergic effector cells, leading to beneficial outcomes. Nanotechnology-based approaches show potential for improving transdermal penetration and enhancing the effectiveness in penetration. Nanoparticles are designed to control particle size, surface properties, and release pharmacologically active agents for site-specific drug action. Liposomes offer advantages like protection, targeting, and reducing toxicity, but have limitations like low encapsulation efficiency and rapid drug leakage. Polymeric nanoparticles offer specific advantages. In this review, the ideal properties of polymeric nanoparticles for topical drug delivery is discussed in brief. Special mentions about the recent trends and applications of nanoparticles are also discussed. Further conclusive work needs to be done in treatment of allergic condition using polymeric nanoparticles as it makes its way into the mainstream clinical practice.

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