DEVELOPMENT AND VALIDATION OF AFFECTIVE INSTRUMENT FOR SENIOR SECONDARY SCHOOL GEOGRAPHY STUDENTS IN NORTH CENTRAL NIGERIA

Education

The importance of factor analysis in obtaining empirical construct validity makes it an essential step in the affective instrument development process. This research developed and validated the instrument for evaluation of affective domain in Geography students. To achieve this, four research objectives with corresponding four research questions were raised. Instrumentation research design was employed for this study. The population of the study comprised all the 111,699 SS II Geography students from both public and private senior secondary schools in North Central Nigeria and the sample consisted of 1177 students from an intact class of SS II Geography students from 43 co-educational secondary schools in North Central Nigeria including the FCT. Multistage sampling procedure was used to select the sample size along state, local government area and school type. The instrument used for data collection was a developed instrument for Evaluation of Affective Domain in Geography (IEADG). It was face validated based on content and appropriateness of language by five experts and construct validity done using principal component factor analysis. The results showed that nine major factors emerged from the instrument for evaluation of affective domain in Geography namely: receiving, honesty, organization, self-control, characterization, responding, perseverance, valuing, and imitativeness levels were extracted and 45 isolated items with a minimum factor loading of 0.40 were selected and the rotation converged at 53 iteration. Reliability coefficient of 0.896 was also established for the developed instrument. Thus, it was concluded that the instrument which yielded more than originally known 5 levels of affective domain by Bloom (1956) is reliable and valid and can be used for its purpose in Nigerian Secondary Schools. Based on the finding and conclusions, the researcher made the following recommendations among others: the refined instrument for evaluation of affective domain in Geography (IEADG) should be used in North Central Nigeria and it should be used as a guide to develop the same type of instrument in other subjects. Since the final instrument for evaluation of affective domain in Geography student is valid and reliable, it should serve as a template for developing and validating other affective domain evaluation instruments in other subjects especially in the area of sampling adequacy, factor extraction, rotation convergence, factor rotation and item selection.

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