DISTRIBUTION AND PRODUCTION OF CROPS IN INDIA-A STUDY

BOTANY

The North-Eastern Plains zone consisting of eastern Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, West Bengal, Assam, Orissa, Manipur, Tripura, Nagaland, Meghalaya, Mizoram, Arunachal Pradesh and Sikkim. Here also Triticum aestivum is grown. Due to late harvesting of paddy, most of the sowing of wheat is generally done towards the latter half of November and in the first fortnight of December. Harvesting is done in March-April. Rice (Oryza sativa) is the leading crop of India and its growth area stretches from 8° N latitude to 34° N latitude. Rice is also grown in areas below sea level as in the Kuttanad region of Kerala. In Andhra Pradesh the deltas of Krishna and Godavari and the adjoining coastal plains form one of the most important rice tracts in the country. Rice is grown both in kharif and rabi seasons. The districts of the East and West Godavari, Kurnool, Anantpur, Krishna, Srikakulam, Visakhapatnam, Nellore and Cuddapah are the main places where rice is largely raised. Uttar Pradesh and Uttarakhand contribute about 35 per cent of total production and are the leading wheat-growing states. Wheat lands are concentrated mainly in the Doabs between the Ganga and the Ghagra Rivers and between the Ganga and the Yamuna. The largest wheat- producing district is Gorakhpur followed by Meerut, Bulandshahr, Etawah, Moradabad, Shahjahanpur, Nainital, Jhansi, Hamirpur and Banda. Thus the crop is concentrated in the north-western and mid-western districts where rainfall and irrigation facilities are better.

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