IMPACT OF CLIMATE CHANGE ON CROP YIELD AND FOOD SECURITY: A GLOBAL PERSPECTIVE

BOTANY

Climate change is increasingly recognized as a critical global concern, with profound implications for agricultural productivity and food security. The rise in global temperatures, shifts in precipitation patterns, and an increase in extreme weather events have led to significant disruptions in crop yields (Lobell et al., 2011). These environmental changes contribute to soil degradation, reduced water availability, and increased vulnerability to pests and diseases, further exacerbating food production challenges (Schlenker & Roberts, 2009). Studies indicate that staple crops such as wheat, maize, and rice are particularly susceptible to temperature fluctuations, resulting in declining yields and threatening global food supply chains (Rosenzweig et al., 2014). Additionally, changing climatic conditions have socioeconomic ramifications, affecting rural livelihoods, market stability, and global food prices (Nelson et al., 2010). The impact is especially severe in developing nations where agricultural infrastructure and adaptive capacity remain limited (Parry et al., 2004). In response, various adaptation and mitigation strategies have been proposed, including the development of climate-resilient crop varieties, precision agriculture, and sustainable farming practices aimed at enhancing productivity while minimizing environmental degradation (Howden et al., 2007). Policy interventions and international cooperation play a crucial role in addressing these challenges, ensuring food security through regulatory frameworks and financial support for vulnerable farming communities (IPCC, 2014). This review synthesizes existing literature on the relationship between climate change and agricultural productivity, emphasizing the urgency of a coordinated global approach. Strengthening adaptive strategies, investing in technological innovations, and fostering sustainable agricultural policies are essential for mitigating climate change impacts and securing future food systems.

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