A REVIEW FOR ENERGY EFFICIENT ROUTING USING HIERARCHICAL WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK

Computer Science and Engineering

In recent few years WSNs form place in wide number of applications such as security, monitoring, surveillance, habitant monitoring, disaster management,, structural health of buildings and health care. WSN’s are limited by energy constraints which is on availability to participating sensor nodes and most of the time these nodes have the structural constraints such that it becomes impossible to change or replenish battery of a node as sensor nodes that may be potentially deployed in harsh environmental conditions is unmanageable. Efficiency in various working parameters like routing of data can help in overcoming the major challenge of sustaining a long life for these sensor nodes which are part of WSNs and form hierarchical routing protocols. In such type of protocols the patriating sensor nodes as a part of the network may be gathered into possibly non overlapping clusters. These clusters have some unique node or on the basis of some conditions some node may be designated as cluster heads which may implement the choosing of cluster head at various time intervals or in different time frames. Clusters have cluster heads that can be used for data agglomeration and route data to desired sink. In this paper a taxonomy of hierarchical routing protocols is provided to envision an energy efficient hierarchical routing protocol that may embeds characteristics of intelligent routing protocols.

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