MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION

Dinesh Kumar M; muthumeena S; Pavendhan A

MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION

March 2026

Vol-12, Issue-2

Paper ID: 28204

ISSN: 2395-4396

Downloads: 0

Abstract & Details

Research Area

Textile Technology

Keywords

Shade variation knit dyeing process standardization color consistency textile dyeing liquor ratio fabric GSM spectrophotometer Re-dyeing minimization Delta E (ΔE) Delta L (ΔL) Delta A (ΔA) Delta B (ΔB) Delta C (ΔC) Delta H (ΔH) Metamerism Right First Time (RFT) softener pickup CIELAB cost minimization

Abstract

Shade variation is a persistent quality challenge in industrial knit fabric dyeing, leading to increased costs and reprocessing. This study investigates minimizing these variations in reactive-dyed cotton knitted fabrics through systematic process standardization across pre-treatment, dyeing, finishing, and reprocessing stages. Utilizing CIELAB parameters (ΔE, ΔL*, Δa*, Δb*, ΔC*, ΔH*), the research identifies that shade inconsistency stems not only from dyeing variables but also from finishing conditions and absorbency uniformity. Key interventions included regulating steam-based compacting, optimizing Cold Pad Batch (CPB) squeezer pressure, implementing continuous scouring (CBR), and controlling reprocessed water pH (≤ 6.5). Results demonstrated a significant improvement in Right First Time (RFT) performance, increasing from approximately 82–85% to 92–95%, while reducing the reprocess rate by over 50%. Furthermore, the study achieved a chemical cost reduction of ₹3.21 per kg of fabric. This research highlights that a holistic, integrated standardization framework is essential for sustainable shade consistency.

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Author Information

#	Name	Institute / Affiliation
1	Dinesh Kumar M	Kumaraguru college of Technology
2	muthumeena S	Kumaraguru college of Technology
3	Pavendhan A	Kumaraguru college of Technology

How to Cite

Use the following formats to cite this article in your research.

APA Style

M, Dinesh Kumar, S, muthumeena, & A, Pavendhan (2026). MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), 603-621.

MLA Style

M, Dinesh Kumar, et al. "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, 2026, pp. 603-621.

IEEE Style

Dinesh Kumar M, muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A, "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION," International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas In Education, vol. 12, no. 2, pp. 603-621, 2026.

Vancouver Style

M Dinesh Kumar, S muthumeena, A Pavendhan. MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION. International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas In Education. 2026;12(2):603-621.

Harvard Style

M, Dinesh Kumar, S, muthumeena, & A, Pavendhan (2026) 'MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION', International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas In Education, 12(2), pp. 603-621.

Chicago Style

M, Dinesh Kumar, muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas In Education 12, no. 2 (2026): 603-621.

Turabian Style

M, Dinesh Kumar, muthumeena S, and Pavendhan A. "MINIMIZING SHADE VARIATIONS IN KNIT DYEING THROUGH PROCESS STANDARDIZATION." International Journal of Advance Research and Innovative Ideas In Education 12, no. 2 (2026): 603-621.